The Art of Sur and Raag in Contemporary Hindi Music: Exploring Arijit Singh and Rishbh Tiwari

Indian music has always been defined by sur—the precise pitch of notes—and raag, the melodic frameworks that guide the flow of emotion. Even in today’s contemporary Hindi music, whether cinematic or independent, these classical foundations continue to shape the way songs are written, sung, and felt. The interplay of sur and raag provides both structure and soul, giving listeners a subtle yet powerful emotional experience.

In Bollywood, Arijit Singh exemplifies the seamless integration of classical principles into modern songs. Take “Laal Ishq” from Goliyon Ki Raasleela: Ram-Leela. Composed with Raag Bihag as its melodic foundation, the song captures a serene, romantic mood typical of this raag, often performed in the evening. The rising and falling patterns of the notes create a sense of fluidity, allowing Arijit’s voice to weave through the melody with effortless expression. Another standout, “Channa Mereya” from Ae Dil Hai Mushkil, blends classical and Sufi-inspired elements. While it is not formally tied to a single raag, its scalar movements and ornamental phrases—such as subtle gamaks and meends—reflect classical Hindustani influences, giving the song depth and emotional resonance. These examples highlight how playback music continues to draw on centuries-old melodic traditions while appealing to contemporary listeners.

In the indie music scene, Rishbh Tiwari takes a different approach. Songs like “Aankhon Ke Darmiyan” and “Bohot Hi Khoobsurat” are built around acoustic melodies and minor-leaning scales that evoke introspection and intimacy. While these compositions are not formally based on classical raags, they often draw inspiration from traditional note sequences and melodic movements. Tiwari’s focus is on the expressive potential of sur, using pitch and melodic contour to amplify the emotional content of his lyrics. His songs feel personal, like a direct conversation with the listener, yet carry the subtle imprint of classical sensibilities.

What unites both styles is the use of melodic nuance to convey emotion. In Arijit’s songs, raag provides a structured emotional palette that guides the listener’s experience. In Rishbh’s indie tracks, sur serves as a canvas for intimate storytelling. Both approaches demonstrate how classical music principles—whether explicit or implicit—remain essential in creating melodies that resonate deeply.

From the grandeur of Bollywood ballads to the quiet intimacy of indie compositions, the legacy of sur and raag continues to shape modern Hindi music. It is this enduring connection to classical theory that allows contemporary artists to evoke emotion with precision, whether through a cinematic masterpiece or an acoustic gem.

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